Circular and elliptical orbits

Planets have orbits that are close to circular. However, comets have elliptical orbits.

To demonstrate the different orbits on the gravity well, begin by placing a heavy ball on the sheet to represent a central mass like the Sun. Simulate the circular orbit of a planet by rolling a marble so that it forms a circular orbit. To simulate the elliptical orbit of a comet, roll a marble so it narrowly misses the central mass. This will cause it to have an elongated elliptical orbit.

Related resources:

• Comets – article

• To catch a comet – the Rosetta Mission – article

IMAGE: NASA Robert Simmon