Honeybees and Mānuka trees
Although honey from New Zealand’s Mānuka trees looks a lot like other honeys, there is one important difference that makes it extra special.
Different honeys from different flowers
Honeybee on mānuka
Making a beeline for mānuka ( Leptospermum scoparium ).
New Zealand’s honeybees get nectar from a number of different sources, including clover, dandelions, and some native trees. One source of nectar is the Mānuka tree (Leptospermum scoparium ), which flowers during summer. Honey made from Mānuka nectar is thick, dark brown, high in sugar and has a distinctive flavour. It also has one other characteristic that makes it especially interesting…
What’s so special about Mānuka?
Mānuka honey is better than other honeys at healing wounds. Research at the University of Waikato has shown that this is because Mānuka honey has the highest antibacterial activity of all honeys.
Mānuka honey sampling
A core sample of Mānuka honey is taken.
This is because Mānuka honey contains a mysterious substance called the Unique Mānuka Factor. The activity of the Unique Mānuka Factor (UMF®) is responsible for Mānuka honey’s remarkable wound healing properties.
Despite a lot of effort, scientists have still not worked out what the mysterious substance is that makes Mānuka honey so special.
Making sure it’s Mānuka
Because Mānuka honey is so amazing, it can be sold for bigger profits.
In order to make Mānuka honey, beehives are placed in areas where there is lots of Mānuka. But you can’t follow every bee, so how can beekeepers know whether their honey is made from Mānuka nectar?
Making Mānuka honey
Bees can collect the nectar for their honey from a lot of different plants. How can you make sure the honey you have is Mānuka honey?
(Special thanks to the Department of Conservation for providing photos for this clip)
The taste and colour are a good first indication. A laboratory test for the UMF® activity is also key.
Testing for antibacterial power
Even once you have Mānuka honey, it turns out that some are better than others at killing bacteria and helping wounds to heal.
Mānuka honey for wounds
What advantage does Mānuka honey have over other honeys?
Scientists have devised a simple test to check how good the Mānuka honey is at killing bacteria. This means that different batches of Mānuka honey can then be rated.
The higher the UMF® number, the better the honey is at killing bacteria.
UMF testing
Not all Mānuka honeys have the same ability to kill bacteria. Rating the strength of different batches is important so that people can choose the right honey for their needs.
The first step of the test is to grow bacteria in a jelly-like layer called agar. Next, holes are cut in the agar and filled with honey solution. The honey diffuses into the agar. If it kills the bacteria, the agar goes clear and see-through. The amount of clearing represents the antibacterial strength of the honey.
Honey bees and pollination
Learn more about honey bees and how they pollinate flowers in the pollination process here .
