Waipunarangi – rains, frosts and climate
Waipunarangi is a whetū in the Matariki cluster. It is the star connected to the rains and other atmospheric conditions.
Waipunarangi
Waipunarangi – water that pools in the sky – is linked to Te Ihorangi, who is the personification of rain. This whetū represents the domain of rain and other atmospheric conditions.
Source: Ministry for the Environment, Stats NZ and data providers and licensed by the Ministry for the Environment and Stats NZ for reuse under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence.
Aotearoa New Zealand’s Ministry for the Environment and Stats NZ have produced Environment Aotearoa 2022 as part of its environmental reporting series . Environment Aotearoa 2022 has a unique approach that uses Te Kāhui o Matariki as the guiding framework for the report. Learn more about this approach in the article Environment Aotearoa 2022 – introduction.
The mauri of Waipunarangi
From a Māori perspective, the mauri of Waipunarangi is connected to the water that pools in the sky. As this water falls as rain, it connects Waipunarangi to the other whetū of Matariki. The rains nourish Papatūānuku, enhancing the mauri of Tupuānuku and Tupuārangi and flow through Waitī then into Waitā. A balance of water pools in the sky is important for supporting the balanced flow of mauri from Waipunarangi to the other whetū. If there is too much or too little rain, the effect of this imbalance is felt across te taiao. The mauri of each whetū is closely connected to the others through the waters of Waipunarangi.
Why climate matters
James Renwick, Shaun Awatere, Drew Bingham and Gregor Macara explain a few of the impacts climate change has on us and the environment.
Questions for discussion:
What are two impacts of climate change happening now?
What impacts might climate change have on our wellbeing?
In Environment Aotearoa 2022, Waipunarangi represents what science tells us about the water (hydrological) cycle and climate. Aotearoa New Zealand’s natural environment has been shaped by climate – both the physical environment and the plants and animals that have adapted to life in particular locations. Climate has also shaped the human environment – from informing maramataka to the establishment of large-scale horticulture, meat and dairy farms, vineyards and plantation forests. As a nation that relies on primary production to support a substantial part of the economy, climate is important.
Climate and ecosystems and habitats
Weather is often variable, but there is evidence to show that the climate is changing. These changes can have multiple effects on plant and animal species and their interactions. For example:
changes in the timing and severity of frosts can create a mismatch between when plants flower and when their pollinators are active
warmer temperatures may lead to more male tuatara hatchlings than females
changes in temperature are linked to mast events, which lead to increased pest numbers and pose challenges to our native plants and animals
droughts or altered rainfall patterns can affect the habitats of taonga species like inanga, tuna and other freshwater fish.
Climate and the economy
The agriculture sector relies heavily on rainfall and is particularly vulnerable to the extremes of both high and low rainfall. Farmland is often located on fertile floodplains, so it is particularly exposed to flooding. However, drought events can have even greater impacts on the primary sector than floods. Droughts cause the soil to dry out and can lead to the loss of almost all of a farm’s profits. Due to its reliance on the natural environment, climate change poses risks for the agriculture sector – including risks to people’s wellbeing and mental health.
Why climate change matters to Māori
While climate change will impact us all, it poses significant physical and cultural challenges for Māori. Shaun Awatere, mātauranga Māori advisor for Our atmosphere and climate 2020, explains a few of them.
Questions for discussion:
What is one of the physical impacts climate change may have on whenua?
How might the narratives of wāhi tapu and wāhi hītori be lost if the physical sites disappear?
Climate and mātauranga Māori
Climate change poses significant challenges to mātauranga Māori. It threatens the loss of culturally significant land, taonga species, the timing and relationships in maramataka and resources affecting the perpetuity of mātauranga and tikanga Māori.
The state of Waipunarangi
Long-term weather information provides evidence of changes to rainfall and temperature. As the Earth warms, scientists expect that the frequency of extreme rainfall will increase. Changes in rainfall intensity and drought are mixed – increasing in some parts of Aotearoa while decreasing in others. Regarding temperature, climate models indicate we may experience more warm extremes and fewer cold extremes in the future. This in turn impacts our glaciers, which have decreased in volume.
Tasman Glacier ice cliffs
Tasman Lake began as small meltwater ponds in the 1970s, and it is now more than 7 km long. Contact with the water causes the ice cliffs to calve.
Working for change
Climate change is a wicked problem – one way to overcome a sense of doom and gloom is through taking action. Action-related resources include:
Climate action – looks at climate change from global, national and individual perspectives and includes small actions that we can take to lead to larger change
Climate change – challenging conversations – uses concept cartoons to explore alternative conceptions, feelings and actions.
Related content and activity ideas
Climate change resources – planning pathways provides pedagogical hints and includes an interactive planner that groups Hub resources into key science and teaching concepts.
Our atmosphere and climate – introduction curates climate change resources the Hub created to support Our atmosphere and climate 2020.
Use Ministry for the Environment and Stats NZ datasets, which were used to inform Environment Aotearoa 2022, to explore regional weather data and analyse climate data. The activities follow an inquiry-based approach.
The Science Learning Hub team has curated a collection of resources to support Matariki and Environment Aotearoa 2022. This collection provides additional context and pedagogical insights. Log in to make this collection part of your private collection, just click on the copy . You can then add additional content and notes and make other changes.
Useful links
Stats NZ and the Ministry for the Environment report on different aspects of Aotearoa New Zealand’s environment every 6 months. Access their reports here.
Our atmosphere and climate 2020 details how, why and what is happening to our climate and how the changing climate is beginning to affect the things we care about.
Visit Stats NZ for more information on:
Acknowledgement
This resource has been produced in collaboration with the Ministry for the Environment and Stats NZ.
Environment Aotearoa 2022
The Ministry for the Environment and Stats NZ produce New Zealand’s Environmental Reporting Series.
Environment Aotearoa 2022 uses Matariki as the framework to explore how our values and choices place pressure on the environment and how these impact the wellbeing of people and communities as well as the state and condition of the environment.
