Easy care sheep traits
Easy care sheep, developed by AgResearch to save money and improve sheep welfare, may challenge traditional views of what sheep should look like. So what is an easy care sheep?
Easy care sheep challenge traditional views
Traditionally, sheep farmers bred sheep to grow wool ‘from the nose to the toes’, believing a heavier fleece brought greater return. Recently, scientists have identified that too much wool in some areas, such as legs, belly and backside, makes sheep more difficult and costly to look after.
Traditional Merino sheep
In the 1950s and earlier when wool prices were high, New Zealand sheep were bred to grow as much wool as possible.
Dr David Scobie of AgResearch, in a recent research project, has bred sheep with less wool in key areas, making it more cost-effective and productive. The new-look sheep challenges the traditional view of how sheep should look.
The easy care sheep has been selectively bred to have traits such as:
bare belly
bare legs
short tail
bare head.
Bare backside of easy care sheep
One of the traits of the easy care sheep is a bare backside, which reduces build up of dags.
Less wool on backside reduces flystrike
Wool on the backside and tail of a sheep collects dags – a build up of faeces. Flies are attracted to the dags, often leading to ‘flystrike’, which occurs when flies lay maggots in the fleece that then move onto the skin and damage it. This is a painful condition and, if left untreated, can cause death.
Procedures used to minimise the problem of flystrike take time and cost farmers money. These include:
docking – removing the tail so it doesn’t collect dags
crutching – 2–3 times a year, farmers shear off the dirty wool around the sheep’s backside and, prior to lambing, shear the sheep’s belly to expose the udder
chemical treatment – used to kill the maggots when sheep are affected by flystrike.
Dags and flystrike
When dags form on a sheep’s backside, it makes them susceptible to flystrike, which occurs when blowflies lay maggots in their fleece. Dr David Scobie describes the problem flystrike causes and how it can be treated.
Note : Of the nearly 2000 Wiltshire lambs weaned during 13 years of research, there was only one case of flystrike.
Bare legs and belly easier to shear
Wool on the legs and belly can collect seeds and dirt. Wool on the belly also makes the udder difficult for lambs to access for feeding and needs crutching before lambing.
The sheep is more difficult to shear in these areas than the main body, slowing down the shearing process. Wool from these parts is also lower value than the main fleece and has to be sorted and bagged separately by the shed hands, adding to the labour costs of shearing.
Easy care sheep benefits
Short tails don’t need docking and make sheep less susceptible to flystrike, which occurs when blowflies lay maggots in their fleece and damage their skin. This improves sheep welfare. Bare backsides, bellies, heads and legs reduce the need for dagging and crutching, make sheep easier to shear and reduce wool handing. These traits improve the economics of sheep farming, as Dr David Scobie explains.
Terms to discuss: dags, docking, crutching, flystrike, dagging, trait, shearing, wool handling
Viewing the Dags and flystrike video clip first will help explain the above key terms and the problem they cause sheep and farmers.
Wool on face impairs vision
When wool grows longer on the sheep’s face, it can affect the sheep’s ability to see, and grass seeds collect in the wool when the sheep is grazing. Like the legs and belly, this area is also more difficult to shear.
Short tails collect fewer dags and improve welfare
A long tail can be difficult for sheep to lift out of the way when they are defecating, so tail docking (removing the tail) has become a regular practice for New Zealand sheep farmers. The purpose of docking is to reduce the formation of dags, which can lead to flystrike. Animal welfare groups consider docking painful for sheep, and they oppose the practice.
Tail docking
Tail docking helps control dags.
The easy care sheep has a short tail, which is easier to lift and therefore doesn’t need docking. It also sheds the wool from its tail to minimise any build up of dags.
Easy care sheep breeding is a success
After many years of research, the easy care sheep breeding programme came to an end. David Scobie reported that of the nearly 2000 Wiltshire lambs weaned during the 13 years, there was only one case of flystrike. Reduced chemical inputs and no-shear sheep have saved farmers time and money, and they meet a growing consumer demand for more sustainable products.
