Lakes380 – writers’ insight
As content developers for a science education website, we always operate with the nature of science hovering in the background. The Science Learning Hub was a pioneer in making the nature of science visible in online resources. We even did a deep dive into unpacking this concept well over a decade ago. It has been interesting to watch how our own thinking about the nature of science has developed and changed over the years.
First of all, we recognise that science is just one of the knowledge systems available in Aotearoa. Mātauranga Māori has a vast repository of knowledge of te taiao. It is an honour to work with kairangahau and kaiako Māori to develop resources in this space.
Weaving knowledge
Rewi Newnham is a palynologist and professor of physical geography at Victoria University of Wellington. In this video, Rewi discusses some of the different methodologies that underpin conventional science and mātauranga Māori. He notes that, when the two knowledge streams weave together, one enhances the other.
Jargon alert
Palynology is the study of dust. Palynologists analyse pollen, spores and other tiny particles found in the air or water or from sediments.
Questions for discussion
What does Rewi mean when he says conventional science and mātauranga Māori are world views?
With all of modern technology at our fingertips, why do you think palynologists ‘lump’ flax species together?
What is a taonga species?
There’s also been a noticeable shift in how science is communicated. We’ve always appreciated the generosity of the scientists we’ve approached to use their research as a context to embed and illustrate key science concepts. It’s very exciting for us to be on the receiving end – for science researchers to approach us to communicate and add value to their work.
Lakes380 – Our lakes’ health: past, present, future
In mid 2022, we had the opportunity to meet some of the team working on Lakes380 – a research programme jointly led by the Cawthron Institute and GNS Science. Lakes380 is the largest scientific study ever undertaken on lakes in Aotearoa. The intrepid researchers journeyed around the motu sampling lakes and sometimes relying on helicopters to get them (and a lot of gear) into some very remote locations. They developed new scientific protocols to gain information from sediment cores and used environmental DNA and a host of other analyses to survey what’s living in the lakes and catchment areas. The data they’ve collected is groundbreaking, and it’s being shared widely in Aotearoa and globally. Take a look at an activity using data from Lakes380 information sheets to build understanding of the nature of science and the science capabilities.
He reo nō te puehu launch
Hapū from Ngāti Koata use a browser-based virtual experience to explore Lake Moawhitu as it once looked when it was a key mahinga kai site.
Incorporating mātauranga Māori and oral histories
The science alone makes for exciting new resources but what sets this programme apart is the outreach that has accompanied all facets of the research. Lakes380 draws on both scientific and mātauranga Māori knowledge systems. Alongside the fieldwork, the team engaged with iwi and hapū to understand and learn from their mātauranga and oral histories. We’ve put links to the content they’ve created with these partnerships in the Useful links section.
The Lakes380 team partnered with Ngāti Koata to create a virtual experience of Lake Moawhitu and its changes over the centuries. Ngāti Koata have generously allowed us to feature He reo nō te puehu – A voice from the dust and to create this activity to help educators navigate the virtual experience.
eDNA explorers – discovering life in the lakes of Aotearoa
Environmental DNA (eDNA) is a useful technique for discovering what is living in or around a lake. The technology finds evidence of living organisms that we may not be able to see using our senses.
Questions for discussion
Why does Wiremu think that kōura are in the lake?
Why might it be difficult for Wiremu to find kōura?
How does eDNA help people learn about the presence of living things?
What are some of the advantages to using eDNA for lake monitoring?
Do you think there are any disadvantages to using eDNA for lake monitoring? What are the disadvantages?
Inspiring the next generation of lake scientists
The Lakes380 outreach also included workshops at schools in the Nelson area. Ākonga got hands-on experience using magnetic fishing rods to ‘collect’ eDNA – with reference images to interpret and match the eDNA sequences, create a data collection chart and even practise ‘peer review’ of the results! The Lakes380 team has shared this energetic activity with the Hub! Ākonga also got a taste of what happens in the lab by sampling replica sediment cores. These innovative activities were authentic examples of the nature of science and the science capabilities in action.
Engaging with ‘fieldwork’ on the school field
Students get a taste of fieldwork and lab work with the help of Cawthron experts. Outreach was a significant component of the Lakes380 project.
Collaborating with the Hub
The Hub team has enjoyed working with the various researchers from the Cawthron Institute and GNS Science. We get quite excited about scientific research, but seeing how the scientific data has been interwoven with mātaurang a Māori and how the teams have shared their findings with iwi and lake advocates – and now with educators – is special.
It’s provided a chance for us to pause and reflect on how the nature of science – as a way of thinking and communicating – continues to evolv e and reflect the changes within the society and culture of Aotearoa. One of the tenets of the nature of science is how research priorities and how they are communicated change to reflect shifts in society and its priorities.
Related content
The Lakes380 resources provide rich, real-life contexts for developing students’ thinking, visioning and problem-solving skills and an array of science capabilities and competencies. Check out our context for learning – it provides curriculum information, presents some of the key concepts in science, a Māori and social sciences and has ideas on how to use the resources.
Visit the Lakes380 website to find information about:
Lakes380 partnered with iwi in four locations to examine the cultural and environmental histories of significant roto. Use the following links to see the depth of content this partnership has created:
Acknowledgement
This resource has been developed in collaboration with Lakes380 – Our lakes’ health: past present, future (C05X1707), Cawthron Institute and GNS Science.
Lakes380 – Our lakes’ health: past, present, future
Lakes380 is a national project to gain in-depth understanding of the current and historical health of lakes in Aotearoa New Zealand. The project was co-led by GNS Science and Cawthron Institute and funded by the New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (C05X1707; Lakes380.com).
