Ngā ika taketake wai māori o Aotearoa

Neke atu i te 54 ngā momo ika taketake kei ngā manga, ngā roto, ngā awa me ngā repo o Aotearoa – he ika ririki, he kōpūtea, he tuna, he piharau, he mohoao, he papangoko, he paraki me te kanae ētahi o ngā ika. Arā tōna 15 ngā momo ika ririki kātahi anō ka kitea i Te Waipounamu, engari kāore anō kia whakaingoatia.

He āhua iti tonu te maha o ngā momo ika taketake wai māori i konei ki te whakatauritehia ki ētahi atu whenua, engari he motuhake ngā ika taketake wai māori o Aotearoa – 51 o ngā momo e 54 ka kitea noatia i Aotearoa .

He pēhea tō mōhio ki ngā ika taketake? Ki te uia te tangata, ko te whakautu matua ko te hāmana.

Ko te take i pērā ai, me uaua ka kitea ngā ika taketake, he kaha ki te huna. Ko te nuinga, atu i te kōkopu nui, he ririki, he kirihuna, ā, ka noho hoki i pāmamao. Kāore he ika e noho pāmamao kē atu ana i te kōpūtea mokorea o Tarnsdale. Ka noho te kōpūtea o Tarnsdale ki ētahi pūroto ruarua noa iho nei ki te hikuwai o te awa o Clarence me te awa o Wairau, ki Te Tauihu-o-Te-Waka-a-Māui.

He maha ngā ika moeao ka huna i raro i ngā ururua me ngā tauwharenga i te rā, ā, nō te pō ka puta mai. Kāore i te mōhiotia te take i pēnei ai. Hei tā ētahi kaipūtaiao, he tikanga tēnei hei karo i ngā manu, engari kāore e tika ana tēnā i te mea ka whai ngā tuna nui me ngā kāhu repo i ngā ika ririki i te pō.

Ngā ika taketake – Te heke

He maha ngā ika taketake wai māori ka whakawhitiwhiti i te wai māori ki te wai tai. E hāngai ana tēnei ki huringa ā-oranga mō ētahi, engari ka heke te nuinga i te wai māori ki te wai tai ki te tiki kai, ki te whakapakari anō, kaua ki te whakaputa hua. Ko ngā ika pakeke ka noho ki te wai māori, ka heke ki te wai tai ki te whakaputa hua ka kīia he ika-heke-waitai, pēnei i te tuna ōrea, te tuna heke me te inanga. He ika pakeke ngā ika-kake-waimāori ka noho ki te wai tai, ā, ka heke ki te wai māori ki te whakaputa hua. Kotahi anahe te ika pēnei i Aotearoa nei, arā, ko te piharau.

Te noho mōrearea o ngā ika taketake i ngā whakataunga tiaki taiao

He onge hoki ngā ika taketake – he haurua kua tata korehāhā. Hei ngā tatauranga nō nā tata nei i puta i te pūrongo a te kāwanatanga o Aotearoa e kīia ana ko ‘Our Fresh Water 2017’, e whakaaturia mai ana ko te 72% o ngā momo ika taketake wai māori e 39 – i whai wāhi ki te pūrongo – kua tata korehāhā, e korehāhā haere ana rānei i tēnei wā. Ko tētahi hautoru hoki o ngā ururua wai māori me ngā hātaretare e pērā ana anō hoki.

Kua korehāhā kē tētahi o ngā ika wai māori, arā, ko te upokororo (Prototroctes oxyrhynchus). E whakapono tonu ana ētahi ka kitea pea ētahi upokororo e ora tonu ana, engari e whakaae ana te nuinga kua korehāhā kē, ā, i te tau 1992 i tuhia i te IUCN Red List e te World Conservation Monitoring Centre kua korehāhā tēnei ika.

Kua korehāhā te Upokororo

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I hē tā ngā Pākehā tapa i te upokororo ki te ingoa greyling, i pōhēhē rātou he rite ki tā te Pākehā greyling. Engari, kāore kau he hononga.

Ko tēnei whakaahua waituhi nā Frank Edward i mahi i te tau 1889, tētahi tīwhiri e kite ai tātou i ngā tae o te ika nei. 12 ngā upokororo kei ngā whare pupuri taonga o te ao, engari nā te waipiro e mau nā ērā i ngaro ai ngā tae.

Rights: He whakaahua o te Prototroctes oxyrhynchus (White spotted greyling) nā Frank Edward Clarke i te tau 1889, Aotearoa. He mea hoko i te tau 1921. Te Papa (1992-0035-2278/1)

I heke haere te maha o ngā upokororo i muri tata mai i te taenga mai o te Pākehā ki Aotearoa , ā, i te tau 1930 i kīia ai te upokororo kua tata rawa te korehāhātanga. Kāore i te mōhiotia te take i korehāhātia ai te upokororo, engari he pānga pea ō te mauranga mai o te taraute me te tāraketanga o te ngahere i puta i ngā wāhi i nohoia e te Pākehā .

Te noho mōrearea i ngā whakataunga tiaki taiao

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He ripanga e kitea ai ngā ika wai māori o Aotearoa kei te rārangi a IUCN. Ka kitea ki te kowae tuatoru te āhua o ia ika kei te pūnaha kōmakatanga mōrearea o Aotearoa. Ko tā tēnei pūnaha, i whakaritea i te tau 2002, he whakaraupapa i ngā koiora māori rerekē e ai ki te tata o te korehāhātanga. I whakahoahoatia hei kīnaki i te pūnaha a IUCN, ā, e hāngai ana ki te taiao motuhake o Aotearoa nei.

Ka taea e koe te PDF o tēnei ripanga te tikiake i konei.

Rights: The University of Waikato Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato

Ngā mōrearea ka pā ki ngā ika taketake

Ko tētahi take nui kua pā ki ngā ika taketake ko te te tārakenga o te ngahere e taumaru ana i ngā tini momo me ā rātou kai. Waihoki, e 90% o ngā repo kua whakamimitihia hei mahi pāmu , hei whakatū tāone rānei. Nā tēnei huringa o te whenua hei pāmu , hei ahuone, hei ahumahi kē atu rānei i nui ai ngā ārai kei ngā kōawa, pēnei i ngā kōrere me ngā pāwai. Nā te mea he ika heke te nuinga o ngā ika, me wātea ngā kōawa. Ka aukati ngā kōrere me ētahi atu hanganga i ngā ika, ā, e kāore e taea e ngā ika te hipa atu, me te aha, kāore e tutuki te huringa ā-oranga.

He pāmu miraka kau nō mua rā anō

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I topea te ngahere mō ngā mahi pāmu i te pito o te rautau 19, me ngā tau tōmua o te rautau 20. I topea ngā rākau, ka tahuna, kātahi ka whakatōngia ngā korowa me ngā mauti.

Rights: He pāmu miraka kau i Taranaki. Nā James McAllister 1869-1952: Ngā whakaahua tōraro o Whakaahu-rangi, o te rohe o Taranaki anō hoki. Ref: 1/1-007882-G. Te Whare Pukapuka o Alexander Turnbull, Pōneke, Aotearoa. http://natlib.govt.nz/records/22742798

He raru hoki te parahanga, i te mea ka pāngia ngā ika taketake ki te kore e kounga te wai. Ka pā ngā tāhawahawa pēnei i te haumāota me te haukini ina rukea ki te wai. He raru anō hoki te waiparapara. Nā te whakawāteatanga o te whenua me ngā tahatika i nui ake ai te waiparapara e rere ana ki ngā kōawa.

He pānga anō hoki o ngā mahi hī ki ngā ika taketake. Ki te kōrero koe ki ētahi pakeke nō tētahi hapori ā-awa, kāore e kore ka kōrero ia mō te wā i nui ake ngā tuna me ngā inanga i ēnei rā nei. Ko te inanga te karangatanga whānui mō ngā punua ika o ngā momo ika ririki e rima. Ko te hao inanga te hao ā-tau i ngā punua ika ririki nei.

Te rengarenga inanga e whakamōreatia nei

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Ko tā te Kiwi tino kai, ko te rengarenga inanga ka mahia ki ngā punua ika o ngā momo ika ririki e 5. 4 o te 5 o ngā momo nei kei te rārangi a IUCN.

Rights: Wātea tūmatanui

I Aotearoa nei, he nui ngā ture e pā ana ki te hī ika, pēnei i te here i ngā hāora e āhei ai te tangata ki te hī, me te nui o ngā ika e āhei ana te hī i te rangi kotahi. He tepenga pakihi hoki mō ngā tuna ōrea me ngā tuna heke. Engari, kāore kau ngā ika taketake wai māori e tiakina ana e ngā ture pakihi, e ngā ture ngahau rānei – hāunga te upokororo kua korehāhā. I te Freshwater Fisheries Legislation i whakamanatia i te tau 1983, i whakamanahia te tiakanga o te upokororo.

Ki te hiahia koe ki te hī hāmana tauhou, ki te hī taraute rānei me hoko raihana, ā, he tepenga anō mō te rahi o ngā ika tauhou nei.

Kua pā hoki te mauranga mai o ngā ika tauhou kaipatu ki ngā ika taketake. Ka taupatupatu ngā ika tauhou ki ngā ika takertake mō te kai me te wāhi, ka whai hoki rātou i ngā ika taketake me ā rātou hua, ngā punua ika hoki. Ka whakaheke hoki ētahi ika tauhou i te kounga o te wai.

Ngā ika tauhou

Kei te takiwā o te 22 ngā momo ika tauhou wai māori kua mauria mai ki Aotearoa . I te tīmatanga o te rautau tekau mā iwa i haria mai e ngā tauiwi te hāmai me te taraute hei hī whakangahau, hei kai hoki mā te tangata. I ahu mai ētahi atu momo ika i ngā kauranga ika me ngā hōpua, pēnei i te morihana, ā, he mea tuku noa ēnei ki ngā kōawa. He tere ngā ika nei ki te whakanohonoho i ētahi wāhi, i ētahi wāhi kua kapi te wāhi i a rātou, ā, kua noho mai hei tino kīrearea. I mōhio rānei koe, e 80% o te papatipu koiora o ngā kōawa o Waikato, he morihana?!

Ngā morihana koi Hapanihi

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I whakaputaina tuatahitia ai ngā morihana koi Hapanihi kia puta ai he ika karakara mō ngā hōpua whakarākei. 

Rights: He mea raihana te whakaahua nei i raro i a 123RF Limited

He nui ngā huarahi e whakaweti ai ngā ika tauhou i ngā ika taketake:

• Huti ai te morihana koi i ngā otaota taketake, whakatutū ai hoki i ērā te waipara.

• Whakatutū ai ngā ika poti i te waipara, ka kainga hoki ngā otaota taketake, ngā ngata me ngā ika.

• Ka kai te ika naenae (mosquitofish) me ngā morihana i ngā ngārara, ngā otaota me ngā ika taketake, me te aha, ka kore he kai mā ngā ika taketake.

• Muha atu ai ngā ika naenae ki ngā ika taketake, he rite tonu tā rātou timotimo i ngā mata me ngā pakikau – e paraheahea ana ngā ika ririki me ngā waikaka kua tata korehāhā. E mōhiotia ana hoki ka kainga e te ika naenae ngā hua a ngā ika taketake.

• Kai ai te taraute, te hāmana me te oia i ngā momo ika taketake, me te aha, ka tino heke te nui o aua ika.

He aha tā tātou?

E mutu ai te tupu o ngā ika tauhou:

• Kaua rawa e tuku i ngā otaota me ngā ika mōkai ki ngā kōawa, ki ngā putanga wai rānei

• Āta horoia tō poti, te tōanga waka me ngā utauta hī ika i muri mai i ia haerenga kia wātea ai i ngā otaota, i te ika, i te hua ika rānei i mua i te whakaterenga

• He takahi ture te tuku ika ki ngā kōawa māori ki te kore he puka whakaae, te whakatupu ika me te hoko rānei i te ika pōrearea.

Arā anō ētahi mahi mā tātou hei āwhina i ngā ika taketake – kei ngā raeumi nei te roanga ake o ngā kōrero – Nga mahinga kōawa mō nga ika, Te ika taketake i te tāone, He painga mō te pāmu, he painga mō te ika, me Te whakamamhere i ngā panonitanga.